Transformers generate waste heat when they are in operation and oil is the coolant of choice. It transfers the heat through convection (or supported by pump systems) to the transformer housing, which has cooling fins or radiators similar to heat exchangers on the outside. Large high-power transformers require additional cooling: fans that prevent damage from overheating despite cooling surfaces that are as compact as possible. The fans have to satisfy special requirements so they can withstand harsh outdoor deployment conditions.
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